A United States law primarily regulating the interstate transmission and sale of electricity and the development of hydroelectric power. It was responsible for creating the body now known as FERC. It was created in 1920 and has been amended several times since. 

Measures taken to ensure backup power, particularly of renewable energy, such as solar and wind generators. These requirements may require battery storage, ancillary services, or backup generation, such as an added gas plant to produce energy when a solar or wind plant does not.

Electricity is supplied to homes and businesses in the United States in the form of alternating current, and frequency is the rate at which an alternating current changes direction, as measured in hertz (Hz). Across the power grid there is a consistent frequency which in the United States is 60 Hz. 

The ability of the grid to react to a change in

the frequency to bring it back to the normal operating frequency, which is 60 Hz in the United States

• Inertial response refers to the injection of stored energy, such as battery energy, into the electricity grid to slow down a decline in frequency. 
• Primary frequency response – The first line of defense against frequency fluctuations that could destabilize the grid. It takes the form of immediate, automatic adjustments in power output by generators and loads in response to frequency deviations in the electric grid.
• Fast frequency response consists of the combined inertial response and primary frequency response. It injects energy in the seconds immediately following a disturbance to slow frequency decline and establishes the minimum frequency (called the nadir).
• Secondary frequency response works on a slightly longer time frame than primary frequency response, on the order of 5-15 minutes. It maintains grid frequency and allows for scheduled energy transfers between balancing authorities, which include utilities, regional transmission operators, and other grid management entities.

The process of creating electricity. 

Heat derived from the Earth’s interior, which can be harnessed for electricity generation. It’s a renewable resource, as the Earth’s internal heat is continuously replenished.

The electrical grid is a vast, interconnected network comprising power plants, transmission lines, substations, and distribution lines. Its purpose is to generate, transmit, and deliver electricity from producers to consumers across a wide geographic area. 

A variety of technologies that improve the capacity, efficiency, and reliability of existing power grids. They are often lower cost and faster to deploy than major grid infrastructure upgrades like building new transmission lines. These technologies optimize the flow of electricity across existing infrastructure.

Refers to the ability of an inverter to synchronize with frequency and voltage on the grid. These are more common than grid forming and refer to how this technology takes its cues from the grid, not the other way around.

Refers to the ability of an inverter to actively control frequency and voltage on the grid, helping to ensure grid stability. They can provide ancillary services, such as inertia, voltage regulation, and frequency response, essential for maintaining grid stability.

Refers to the many solutions that help the grid withstand major events, such as extreme weather, natural disasters, or cyber attacks, without disruption.