Independent System Operator (ISO)

A non-profit organization that manages the electricity grid and wholesale electricity markets within a specific geographic region. Its primary role is to ensure the reliable and efficient delivery of electricity, balancing supply and demand in real-time and overseeing fair competition among market participants. 

  • List of ISOs and RTOs:
    • CAISO – California ISO
    • NYISO – New York ISO
    • Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT); also a Regional Reliability Council
    • MISO – Midcontinent Independent System Operator, serves northern Midwest, southeast, and parts of Canada
    • ISO-NE – ISO New England
    • SPP – Southwest Power Pool
    • PJM – Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland Interconnection- services 13 states in Midatlantic and Midwest region